Operators
Introduction to Computing: Operators and if else
Through out the programming from basics to advance , we need operations to solve our problems
All operations can be categorized under following groups
1. Assignment Operator
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Logical Operator
Assignment Operator
Symbol =
Copy value from right hand side to left hand side
EXAMPLE
| #include<iostream>
using namespace std; main() { cout<<“program to represent = operator”<<endl; int a=0; int b=0; cout<<“input value for a”<<endl; //ask user to enter the value of a cin>>a; b=a; // equating b=1; cout<<“value of b is “<<b<<endl; } |
Arithmetic Operators
| operator | Description |
| + | Adds two operands |
| – | Subtracts second operand from the first |
| * | Multiplies both operands |
| / | Divides numerator by de-numerator |
| % | Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division |
| ++ | Increment operator, increases integer value by one |
| — | Decrement operator, decreases integer value by one |
| #include<iostream>
using namespace std; main() { cout<<“program to represent aRITHMATIC operations”<<endl; int a=0; int b=0; cout<<“Enter Value for a and b “<<endl; cin>>a; cin>>b; cout<<“Addition +”<<endl; cout<<a+b<<endl; cout<<“Subtraction -“<<endl; cout<<a-b<<endl; cout<<“Multiplication *”<<endl; cout<<a*b<<endl; cout<<“division / -“<<endl; cout<<“a/b”<<endl; cout<<a/b<<endl; cout<<“b/a”<<endl; cout<<b/a<<endl; cout<<“modulus %”<<endl; cout<<“a moduls 2″<<endl; cout<<a%2<<endl; cout<<a%3<<endl; cout<<“increment a ++”<<endl; cout<<++a<<endl; cout<<“decremnet b –“<<endl; cout<<–b<<endl; } |
If operator
The if statement is a powerful decision making statement and used to control the flow of execution of statements.
Syntax
if(condition)
{
Block of Statement
}
statement;
| #include <iostream>
using namespace std; main() { cout<<“enter your gender m or f “<<endl; char a=0; cin>>a; if(a==’m’) { cout<<“user is male”<<endl; } if(a==’f’) { cout<<“user is female”<<endl; } } |
Relational operators
| Operator | Description |
| == | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, |
| != | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not |
| > | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand. |
| < | Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand |
| >= | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, |
| <= | Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand |
| #include <iostream>
using namespace std; main() { int a = 0; int b = 0; int c=0 ; cout<<“enter the value of a and b”<<endl; cin>>a; cin>>b; if( a == b ) { cout << “yes a = b” << endl ; } else { cout << “no a is not equal to b ” << endl ; } if ( a < b ) { cout << “yes a < b” << endl ; } else { cout << “no a is not < b” << endl ; } if ( a > b ) { cout << “yes a is greater than b ” << endl ; } else { cout << “no a is not greater than b” << endl ; } if ( a <= b ) { cout <<” a is either equal or less than to b” << endl ; } else { cout << “a is not less than or equal to b ” << endl ; } } |
Bitwise Operators
Used for binary operations
| #include <iostream>
using namespace std; main() { int a; int b; int c; cout<<“enter the value of a and b in 0 and 1 form “<<endl; cin>>a; cin>>b; cout<<“performing and function bit wise”<<endl; cout<<“the value of a was “<<a<<endl; cout<<“the value of b was “<<b<<endl; c=a&b; cout<<“the answer is “<<c<<endl; cout<<“performing or function bit wise “<<endl; cout<<“the value of a was “<<a<<endl; cout<<“the value of b was “<<b<<endl; c=a|b; cout<<“the answer is “<<c<<endl; cout<<“performing xor function bit wise “<<endl; cout<<“the value of a was “<<a<<endl; cout<<“the value of b was “<<b<<endl; c=a^b; cout<<“the answer is “<<c<<endl; cout<<“performing not function bit wise “<<endl; cout<<“the value of a was “<<a<<endl; c=a’; cout<<“the answer of a is “<<c<<endl; cout<<“the value of b was “<<b<<endl; c=~b; cout<<“the answer of a is “<<c<<endl; } |
| Operator | Description |
| & | Performs and operation |
| | | Performs or operation |
| ^ | Performs xor operation |
| ~ | Perform compliment function |
Logical Operator
| && | Called Logical AND operator. Applied on complete number |
| || | Called Logical OR Operator. Applied on whole number |
| ! | Called Logical NOT Operator. Applied on whole number |
Understanding && operation
Ask user to enter his gpa and attendance . If attendance is less than 80 and GPA is less or equal to 2.0, inform him that he is on probation
| #include <iostream>
using namespace std; main() { float gpa=0; float atted=0; cout<<“Enter your Gpa”<<endl; cin>>gpa; cout<<“enter your attedance”<<endl; cin>>atted; if ( ( gpa >= 2.0 ) && ( atted >= 80 ) ) { cout<<“you are good to go “<<endl; } else { cout<<“sorry bro… you are in prob”<<endl; } } |
What really happened in this program
Lets say we have entered
GPA = 1.0
Atted= 99
Now we will try to see what will be the result of following conditions
if ( ( gpa >= 2.0 ) && ( atted >= 80 ) )
( gpa >= 2.0 ) = 0 (as entered GPA=1
( atted >= 80 )=1 (as entered atted is 99)
Now we know that 0 and 1 = 0 so condition is false , and else statement will be used
…………….
Understanding || operation
? Opertor
condition ? result1 : result2
/ conditional operator
| #include <iostream>
using namespace std; main () { int a,b,c,d; cin>>a; cin>>b; cin>>c; d = (a>b) ? a : b; d= (d>c) ? d : c; cout << d << ‘n’; } |
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