Chapter 2: Circuit Elements 2

Voltage Source.

A voltage source is a element that provide voltage to the circuit. The voltage source has two terminals, and can be represented by following symbols

Voltage Current Characteristic Graph for Voltage Source

The voltage source (ideal) maintains a constant symbol , regardless the current passing from it . This behavior can be represented as

Current Source:

A current source is also a two terminal source, which exists in text and books only , the current source, maintains a constant current , regardless of voltage across circuit .

The arrow in the current define the direction of current , that will be provided to the circuit, by the current source

Current Characteristic Graph for Current Source

Resistor

A resistor is a two terminal passive device . In this example the terminal are being represented by A and B , Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits.

Voltage Current Characteristic Graph for Resistor

Capacitor

A capacitor can be assumed as battery that can supply power to circuit for some instant . Battery is capable of generating new electrons form some chemical process s, how ever capacitor can only store electrons and than can use them

Construction

Generally a capacitor is made up of two conducting plates serrated by some dielectric . Dielectric is normally a non conducting material and is made up of normally glass air plastic or any other non-conducting material. Dielectric dictates what kind of capacitor it is and for what it is best suited. Depending on the size and type of dielectric, some capacitors are better for high frequency uses, while some are better for high voltage applications.

Current across Capacitor

Voltage across capacitor across Capacitor

Inductor.

Inductor is also a energy strong device just like a capacitor. The both devices are linear. Unless like resistor, they both can store energy. This energy can be used later on , at someplace else .

Inductor works on the principal of induction. Depending on its manufacturing and size, it may have a inductance ranging from micro henries to henries,.

Physical Structure of Inductor

Lets say I have core with a magnetic permeability of μ [permeability is the measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself.

No lets turn some coils around this core . Lets say the number of turn on a coil is represented by N

Now the above structure is a complete inductor. In general an inductor can be made by turning a wire in to coils.

Voltage across Inductor

Current in a Inductor